After the referendum will come the soul-searching. What began as an attempt by David Cameron to head UKIP off at the pass and silence once and for all the euro-sceptics in the Conservative Party has instead exposed bitter divisions in the country.

Pollsters, economists, sociologists and think-tanks will spend the next few months analysing voting patterns on a borough by borough basis to establish just what message the public was sending. For one thing is certain; this referendum has been a verdict not just on the EU or on immigration but on austerity and in particular on the outside world generally, about people’s sense of whether they are beneficiaries or victims of the global economy. Because voting has been conducted by boroughs statisticians should be able to marry up the local referendum results with pre-existing local socio-economic data to verify a pattern.